Abstract Cancer represents the second leading cause of death worldwide, therefore, the search for chemoprotective agents is on the rise. The muscle of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the species analyzed as it has been reported as a source of compounds with antiproliferative activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of shrimp muscle-isolated compounds on cell proliferation and morphology of human cancer cell lines. The muscle underwent a process of extraction and fractionation of compounds; their effect on cell viability assays (MTT) on lung adenocarcinoma (A549), prostate carcinoma (22 Rv-1), invasive breast adenocarcinoma (MDA MB 231), colon carcinoma (HTC 116), cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and non-cancerous retinal cells (ARPE-19) was measured. Morphological changes were observed using fluorescence microscopy and chemical structure data was obtained using nuclear magnetic resonance. Fraction named C5 showed the highest antiproliferative activity on HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231, without significantly affecting the control cells. Subfractions C5-3 and C5-4 presented significant antiproliferative potential in MDA-MB-231; this cell line showed morphological changes that could be related to apoptosis, and spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of b-carotene and eicosapentaenoic acid in C5, nevertheless, further studies are needed to determine the effect of each compound.

Abstract Leptospirosis is one of the main re-emerging zoonotic diseases with a worldwide distribution, mainly in regions with hot or tropical climates. It is caused by the spirochetal bacteria of the genus Leptospira, which, in their pathogenic life forms, causes asymptomatic to severe infections in humans and animals. Animal-to-human transmission occurs most frequently in occupationally exposed groups and in travelers. However, leptospirosis also represents a disease associated with poverty and low sanitation environments, in rural and urban communities, in close contact with companion animals and livestock. A search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google scholar databases using query terms related to Leptospira/leptospirosis, reported during 1990-2020. This review focuses on the description of biologic and socioenvironmental drivers that influence the occurrence of the disease in humans. Leptospirosis is found at the human-animal-environment interfaces, and represents a challenge for public and animal health, and food production; hence, improving the strategies for prevention control and surveillance in Latin-American countries is critical, as one of the regions most affected by the disease.

Resumen La leptospirosis es una de las principales enfermedades zoonóticas de distribución mundial, principalmente en regiones con climas cálidos o tropicales. Es ocasionada por la espiroqueta del género Leptospira, se presenta clínicamente de forma asintomática, con cuadros moderados o graves en humanos y animales. La transmisión de animal a humanos es más frecuente en grupos ocupacionalmente expuestos como trabajadores agrícolas y ganaderos, veterinarios, cazadores, trabajadores de rastros e incluso viajeros. Asimismo, también representa una enfermedad asociada a pobreza y ambientes de bajo saneamiento, en comunidades rurales y urbanas, en contacto cercano con animales domésticos y ganado. Se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos de PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Google scholar, usando palabras claves Leptospira/leptospirosis en el periodo 1990-2020. La revisión se enfoca en la descripción de determinantes biológicos y socioambientales que influyen en la ocurrencia de la enfermedad en humanos. La leptospirosis se encuentra en la interfase de la salud humana y animal, y representa un reto para la salud pública, animal, y la producción de alimentos; por lo que es crítica la mejora en las estrategias de prevención, control y vigilancia en países de Latinoamérica, una de las regiones más afectadas por la enfermedad.

Abstract The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), compared to the serological reference technique for the detection of Leptospira spp., was implemented to evaluate its application as a leptospirosis diagnosis method in samples of symptomatic patients of recent infection from the health sector in northwestern México. Samples of 34 patients were analyzed using the PCR and the microagglutination test (MAT). The results obtained by the PCR showed complete concordance with the determinations of positive or indeterminate patients obtained by the MAT. Out of 31 negative samples or not confirmed by the MAT, 7 (20%) were positive by the PCR. The PCR technique implemented in this study showed to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of the leptospirosis combined with the serological test MAT, emphasizing its usefulness for early detection of this disease.

Resumen Se empleó la técnica molecular de Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR, por sus siglas en inglés), comparada con la técnica serológica de referencia para la detección de Leptospira spp., para evaluar su aplicación como método de diagnóstico de leptospirosis en muestras de pacientes sintomáticos de reciente infección, atendidos por el sector salud del noroeste de México. Se analizaron muestras de 34 pacientes tanto por PCR como por la técnica de microaglutinación (MAT, por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados obtenidos mediante PCR mostraron completa concordancia con las determinaciones de pacientes positivos o indeterminados mediante MAT. De 31 muestras negativas o no confirmadas por MAT, 7 resultaron positivas mediante la prueba de PCR (20%). La técnica de PCR implementada en este estudio mostró ser una herramienta útil en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad combinada con la prueba serológica MAT, destacando su ventaja en la detección temprana de la leptospirosis.